Wednesday, July 4, 2018

SS: Unwritten Novel --Compilation of Critical Notes


Compilation of Critical Notes on “An Unwritten Novel”

Fox, Stephen D.  “’An Unwritten Novel’ and a Hidden Protagonist.”  Virginia Woolf Quarterly 4, 1973: 69-77.
Fleishman, Avrom, "Forms of the Woolfian Short Story."  44-71 in Virginia Woolf: Revaluation and Continuity, ed. Ralph Freeman (1980).
57            “form of serial presentation, with a significant final term.”
                  “the movement from novelistic imaginings to the hard kernel of reality is paralleled by the movement of the train which carries the observer and the observed”
We might consider this an example of parallel linear form, in which the spatial sequence and the perceptual sequence move along together to a joint arrival.

Davenport, Tony. "The Life of 'Monday or Tuesday."  Virginia Woolf: New Critical Essays, ed. Clements and Grundy.  (1983): 157-75.

Marcus, Jane.  “Taking the Bull by the Udders: Sexual Difference in Virginia Woolf—a Conspiracy Theory.”  Virginia Woolf and the Languages of Patriarchy. Bloomington: IUP, 1987. 137-62.
Dick, Susan.  "Chasms in the Continuity of Our Way: Jacob's Room."  Chapter Two of Virginia Woolf.  London & New York: Edward Arnold, 1989.

Head, Domininic.  The Modernist Short Story.  Cambridge UP, 1992.
85            “Woolf here uses The Times as an obvious symbol of factual and ordered descriptive writing -- (’births, deaths, marriage, Court Circular, the habits of birds, ….) -- which compromises an obstacle between the writer and human nature. 

Staveley, Alice. “Voicing Virginia: The Monday or Tuesday Years” pp. 262-67 IN: Daugherty, Beth Rigel (ed.); Barrett, Eileen (ed.) Virginia Woolf: Texts and Contexts. New York: Pace UP; 1996.

Séllei, Nóra.  The Snail And ‘The Times’: Three Stories "Dancing In Unity." Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS) 3.2 [BRITISH STUDIES ISSUE] (1997): 189-198 (UwN 192-4)
                  Deals with the story in the usual vein of it being a revelation of the failed attempt to create character with no evidence in the “written novel”, but incorporates the idea that the “unwritten novel” about the narrator’s mind celebrates her affirmative choice to continue to create in the face of the inevitable epistemoloical gap between subject and object (194).
192         “the narrator, obviously Woolf’s persona
193         Newspaper “functions as a symbol of self-evident conclusions, of ready-made truth, of facts served daily as life, as a repository of the essence of existence”
                  “The times and life are considered each others correlatives, but ultimately they are essentially contrasted.  … the story of life as constructed by the the Times is constantly invaded, torn open, and defeated by the other story of life, by the story of the womenan.  …newspaper “is presented in military metaphors, as something which tries, in vain, to defend its own truth”  (quotes shield passage)

Lojo Rodríguez, Laura María “Parody and Metafiction: Virginia Woolf's 'An Unwritten Novel'.”Links and Letters, 2001; 8: 71-81.  ILL 8/29/15

72            “a short piece which parodies realism by laying bare the functioning of its conventions while opening the way to new fictional modes of understanding literature.”

73            “Woolf rejected the literary forms that corresponded to this ordered reality, such as the emphasis on plot, causal relationships and authoritative omniscience”

74            a metafictional narrative that “draws attention to itself and to its process of construction, which is openly made visible and self-reflecting”  explores a theory of fiction through the practice of writing fiction.”

75            title of “UnWN” “suggests the process of story-telling rather that emphasizing the story itself”

                  “Ironically, all the situations and background which make up Minnie’s life draw from worn out realistic conventions and constitute a parody of them

76            “There is a long connection in Virginia Woolf’s writing btw fiction-making and train-journeying, which invariably becomes an image of it”  “Byron and Mrs. Briggs” (1922)  “Character in fiction” (1923) and “Mr B and Mrs B” (1924).

77            n. 6 “Hilda, is, ironicaly enough, the name of one of Arnold Bennett’s most famous heroines”


Levy, Michelle. “Virginia Woolf's Shorter Fictional Explorations of the External World: 'Closely United … Immensely Divided'.” pp. 139-55 IN: Benzel, Kathryn N. (ed. and introd.); Hoberman, Ruth (ed. and introd.); Dick, Susan (foreword) Trespassing Boundaries: Virginia Woolf's Short Fiction. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan; 2004.
139           used short stories “her most sustained exploration of the human relation to the external world..
140           MWà man and snail assert “independent existence of the external world’
143           SYMPà

Skrbic, Nena. Wild Outbursts of Freedom: Reading Virginia Woolf's Short Fiction  Westport, CT: Praeger; 2004.
40            UN “built on a sense of lost stories and histories” Takes us on a trip thru the mind “speculation about the significance of knowledge.”
                  “story foregrounds the realization that knowledge is not absolute… metaphor of portraiture introduced at the start…. People in train are all reticent, shut in.  “We are back in Plato’s cave, trying to discover the world through out own illusions
41            “Woolf raises skepticism about the legitimacy of the writer’s attempt ata creative solution to the paradox between realism and definition”  
                  story is a series of “false starts”
                  “decision to emphasize rather than conceal all the structural elements” [of the story] serves to underline the notion of unanswerability”
                  sees “dot, dot, dots” as painting as story…  “how a canvasas is constructed of colored dots..”
“The resulting narrative shows a character that is not allowed to present itself coherently”      
author is “no longer in a privileged position:.. “endow the story with a n element of voteurism, paranoi and fear of exposure”
42            “opposition btw being in transit and never going anywhere”
                  uses “body language as a nonverbal structuring element” sees this also as a painterly strategy.. sees twitches etc. as “moments of definitive transparency”
171         question is UN is “about mirroring a psychological truth back to the reader or are they ultimately meditations on the various construction of representation?”
                  “the Woolfian short story often offers only the allure of a potential narrative” 

Briggs, Julia. ‘Our Press Arrived On Tuesday’: Monday Or Tuesday (1921).” Chapter 3 of  Virginia Woolf: An Inner Life.  London: Penguin[Allen Lane] 2005. 58-83.
58            “Mod Fiction”  “no plot, little probability and a vague general confusion in which the clear-cut features of the tragic, the comic, the passionate, and the lyrical were dissolved beyond the possibility of separate recognition” 
60            decision to buy printing press
61            MoW “visionary monologue on the nature of perception” … “It follows a train or flow of though, yet the movement of thought and feeling is also its subject.”
                  Thinker “contrast this flux of though and memory with the external, regulated world of common assumptions and social expectations”
62            LETTER OF July 24, 1917 to Cline:  “its high time we found some new shapes dont you think so?”
63            Katherine Mansfield.  Garsington..  “A kind of, musically speaking—conversation set to flowers”
64            “Three Jews” also set in Kew Gardens
66            alternation of human conversations with vegetable world of flower bed
68            VW’s short stories “examples of the ‘unrepresentational art’”  Vanessa’s abandonment of surface realism “concentrate on the impact of form and structure on painting”
70            idea of “significant from”
71            democratization of experience of art
72            modernist concentration on the world lived inside the mind.. concentrate on act of thinking/writing, like visible brushstokes
73            joyce’s Ulysses – indecency
74            TSE – boy’s club.. Hogarth Press.
75            female modernists: Dorothy Richrdson (‘stream of consciousness”)
76            exploitation of flights of fancy  “railway game” of attributing character on basis of appearance.
77            UwN “voices an implicit protest against fiction that simplifies and sums up human being, regarding them as primariy the product of their circumstances”
                  “evocation of suburban life parodies the popular novelist Arnold Bennett.”
79            MoT: Haunted House,
A Society”
80            depressed at praise for Lyton’s Queen Victoria
81            new edition of Kew in 1927—NOT WOODCUTS.

Adrian Hunter.  The Cambridge Introduction to the Short Story in English… 2007.
69            “’AUWN’ can be read as a narrative of the decisive turn in Woolf’s own career”

Prudente, Teresa. “To Slip Easily from One Thing to Another': Experimentalism and Perception in Woolf's Short Stories.” Journal of the Short Story in English, 2008 Spring; 50: 171-183.

Reynier, Christine. “The 'Obstinate Resistance' of  Woolf’s Short Story.” Journal of the Short Story in English, 2008 Spring; 50: 2-5.

Reynier, Christine. Virginia Woolf's Ethics of the Short Story. Palgrave Macmillan (August 18, 2009).
Huculak, Matthew “Meddling Middlebrows: Virginia Woolf and the London Mercury.”Virginia Woolf Miscellany, 2009 Fall-Winter; 76: 16-18.


Levy, Heather.  The Servants of Desire in Virginia Woolf’s Shorter Fiction.  NY: Peter Land, 2010.

Saturday, June 30, 2018

Structural Outline of The Waves


Clemson University
Spring 2000

Structural Outline of The Waves
by Virginia Woolf
(Page numbers are beginning of sections in Harcourt ANNOTATED edition)

Episode One : CHILDHOOD
3          Before sunrise ; everything undistinguishable. Sea: Garden: house.  Woman raises lamp
4          Impressions at dawn; various geometrical figures, ring, slab, globe, Sounds
6          Louis alone before breakfast; Jinny kisses Louis;
7          Susan gets depressed and runs off;
9          Bernard comforts her with fantasy of Elvedon;
11       Rhoda wi petals in bowl; lessons wi Miss Hudson; reactions to words;
12       Louis—roots
13       Rhoda outside loop of time B & J under currant bushes; Miss Curry takes them for a walk;
15       Neville left behind;
16       Susan sees servants kissing; dinner; baths; Rhoda going to sleep

Episode Two : SCHOOL DAYS  (IDENTITY, AUTHORITY, TRADITION)
19       Sun rising; bud opening; amorphousness
20       Bernard leaving for school first time; Louis alienated; Neville fits in, Headmaster, old Crane
22       Girls at school react to Miss Lambert: Susan Homesick; R no face; Jinnyt dancing
23       Boys at chapel : L like order; N sees corruption, love P; B notebook
25       Boys & cricket: L describes P; N  describes B;; L ring of steel
27       Girls getting ready to play tennis: S thinking of country, describes J; J looking glass comp self to S and R; R no  face; S bury things; R Mrs L; J frock billows
32       Cricket match: various reactions to masculinity: L boasting boys—want to be like; N on P; B makes up story abt Dr. Crane; N on B & L, no solace in nature; L entering party
37       Girls--day before vacation, longing for future: S imaging country home; J dancing hope for man; R waiting for night, to dream, to offer flowers—to whom?
40       Boys--day before vacation: Louis great books; B distracted by bee; N mummery
43       Girls--first day of holidays, on the train:  S snelling fields; J frill; R humiliation attached to monster
46       Boys on train: L not to college;  B making up stories abt passengers; N mediocrity—horror of don or suburbs

Episode Three : COLLEGE & SOCIALS
52       sun risen; girl creating jewels; detritus on beach; birds now sing in chorus; focus on one object; look into unlit world; purulence; sun inside; waves like warriors
54       men: Bernard at college, writing love letter like Byron, fantasy of visit to country house;
58       Neville also at college, on river; in love wi Percival, wants to be a poet; Bernard reacting to N;
63       N reacting to B, doomed always in love; B meditating on friends;
66       Louis in eating shop, feels alien and vulnerable  68--rootd
69       Women: Susan in early morning, imagining lover, hungry;
72       Jinny going to party wi gilt chairs, unfurls, rooted but flowing; talking freely;
75       Rhoda terrified at party., tongues cut like knives, wave breaks.

Episode Four : DINNER PARTY  (lots abt separation and unity of group; 89 remorseless egotism of the young)
78       risen sun; thud of waves--assegais; rivers move inland; in garden birds sing alone, now and then songs run together, then sever; birds crack shell of snail; sun in room makes object on table sharply defined
80       ARRIVALS: Bernard on train, momentum; happiness at being engaged makes him feel connected to other passengers, but then splits off; needs others 83 L and R are authentics; going to farewell dinner for P /
85       Neville arrives early/
86       Louis sees Susan (to be loved by her, pierced by beak)/ 87 Susan sees Jinny/ Nev sees Bernard/ 88 Rhoda no face
88       PERCEVAL ARRIVES: Neville, P restores order;
89       DINNER PARTY: everyone contributes short sharp memories; review life stages
91       IDENTITY STATEMENTS: Bernard's flower speech;
92       Louis: re-incarnation speech, seeking a pattern;
93       Jinny sees social pattern but only in terms of own body; rapidity and change of Neville's mental life; 94 Rhoda, lacks all connection; 95 Susan natural happiness only; 96 B cannot bear solitude
97       SENSORY REACTIONS: R, mystic light; Jinny membranes; L roar of London;
98       REACTIONS TO PERCIVAL: B thinks of India, 99 R sees him as a round stone; for Louis he is the touchstone that makes falseness clear; S love hate;
100     DRIFTING INTO FANTASIES AS DINNER ENDS: N overfed, fall into cavern; R white statues, fountain, grove...
101     N lover who does not come; Louis and Rhoda imagine a festival dance that turns into a funeral procession
103     ESTABLISHING THE CIRCLE BEFORE IT IS BROKEN: Susan senses circle as chain; Louis feels it break in flow; R sees circle destroyed; 104 B sees moment of ravenous identity is over; 105 Louis feels circle close again; J globe whose walls are P; S M or T
106     B we are creators; N horror of P’s absence

Episode Five : PERCIVAL;S DEATH (shift to past perfect)
107     Sun at full height; burns, uncompromising, exact, level.  Starts out reds, goes to grey. Roams over other countries, mosque, southern hills, boat (passage to India)but then as comes back to England turns green and purple. One green mound.  Birds singing to each other, building nests.  In the house a zone of shadow.  Waves make sound of beast stamping.
109     REACTIONS TO P’S DEATH: Neville cannot pass by the tree, loses sense of reality;
110     Bernard's son just born, sense of sequence, goes to art gallery, tires to be alone;
115     R cannot cross puddle, walking thru town, violets; sense of death, ugly faces, hanging meat, goes to concert; 118 oblong in square (we have madea dwelling place); fantasy of dark pools, pillars stand entire; offering to P

Episode Six : THE LIFE OF WORK & LOVE
120     Sun past mid-point.  Birds, dragonfly, reeds, still. Red blinds. Light driving darkness before it in mounds.  Rising tide but fish stranded.
122     Louis in office--commerce; attic room.  He and Rhoda lovers.  Make one of his many selves; hatchet falls.  (Hilarious parody od various TSE works)
124     Susan at home with baby; has become her mother. -->Glutted wi natural happiness, but no longer aware of season
126     Jinny at a party, making up stories about people; lover--jug jug
129     Neville in rooms wi lover, remembering journey of the day; descent into tube. Fears unfaithfulness relationship.  Hates pomposity.  How we build a relationship by noticing things together

Episode Seven : MIDDLE AGE  (What is  lost)
132     Sun lower, clouds and shadows draining color; tide at ebb. Birds flying in formation except for one, solitary in marsh.  Wind among flowers causes them to bend and flash like a FIN cutting through water; petals fall and heads droop. Fields of corn varnished wi red and gold.  Brown tinge in house, shadow of moth.
134     Bernard--drop falls: awareness of loss. Goes to Rome. State of detachment; accepts limits.  Collects phrases but no story to connect them.  Why select detail?  But then he begins to move again, caught up in the general sequence.  FIN in waste of waters.
138     Susan-- in field wi son, summit of desire; I possess all I see. round of country life. Makes wreaths for dead.But sometimes sick of natural happiness.  Memories of childhood
140     Jinny-- Tube in London.  No longer part of procession. But takes solace in Empire
142     Neville-- says he doesn’t need anything anymore; we are not responsible for others. Thinks of L and R; goes to his room where he reads and goes down into self to write poetry; sits by fire, lover comes
146     Louis--back from office, divested of authority; reads one poem (Shelley, West Wind); pyramid; destiny trying to weave history together. P and R left him
149     Rhoda--coming back from tube, hates crowds.  House we made sq upon oblong.  On a hill in Spain, thinking abt jumping off cliff

Episode Eight : REUNION DINNER AT HAMPTON COURT
152     sun sinking: red and gold turn to grey.  Tree loses its uniformity, cut corn, pool no longer reflects, one bone, heat and color have gone out.  But black turns to blue as shadows lengthen, foam leaves pearl rim behind.
154     Difficulty of Meeting Again: Bernard, slight discomfort; Neville sorrow over loss of P, feels challenged by Susan but also discuss his various loves; Susan aware of discrediting N because she has chosen monogamy;
158     Rhoda green knife; obscene lovers
159     Reflections on separateness: Bernard cannot bear solitude; Louis feels thread is broken but relies on job and ironic distance;
160     Jinny focuses on the present surface, surround by people although she knows she is growing older.
163     Rhoda can talk to others but still has no real face, knows she will fall alone but still imagines blowing bubble that will surround them all
165     Meditations in silence after dinner: Bernard egotism blunted by food; j miracle of life staying in present but R end of life and L sense of being dissolved in history
166     Fight against the Chaos: Nev love, R sees them getting ready to leave;
167     WALK After Dinner: Bernard holds forth about history, N also evokes belonging to history L walking with hands clasped WI others, remembers singing as child; J feels triumph, B 6-sided flower, J flower too
169     R and L watch others walk on as they stop by urn... see the other approaching as fish from sea.
171     Others return: B comments on destroying a world; B sense of tolerable of life--lights of shopkeepers . making up another story.

Episode Nine : BERNARD's SUMMING UP
174     Sun has set; can’t distinguish sea and sky, black and grey.  Things melt into obscurity. Waves of darkness

176     B: sees globe of life but needs words.  Recounts narrative: the nursery; the garden (moment of first awareness of self as separate), Elvedon; the things that made them all different (N and dead man), school and Percival, memories of Louis and Neville; discovery of girls (*184: what is beyond the individual, what is perhaps permanent, is the symbolic); first love;
186     willow tree by the river: shares N's vision, Rhoda sees tree in wasteland; Jinny’s willow is in the moment; Louis in city landscape... 187 Moment when B’s I.d. solidifies, sense of being inheritor of civilization
188     move into the house, complexity of life, 189--shell form, period of precision and completeness when we become very competent, but still there are moments (*189--globe is a bubble , cauldron with six little fish)
191     B’s leap--marriage, (192 biographer) tendency to domesticity; sense of completeness in life and sufficiency of language 193
195     interrupted by P’s death, no language for pain; ability to be detached but guilt at not having gone to Hampton court wi P.  Talk wi Jinny about P, but make him into a lily; goes to each friend.
198     Is this the end of the story??  But wave rises again in him and he goes on, but now with some hesitation. Visit wi Susan makes him see surrender to stupidity of nature; Elvedon but sense of inescapability of death—
199     lowest curve of being, and yet fights, 200--nets leaves of tree into order with words.
200     Back to city on train, pleasure in pageant of existence. 
201     Another drop falls; seeks Nev. who thinks in unlimited time of the mind, but focuses in on one person, moment;
204     then visits L and R but no answer; thinks of S and J
205     Remembers Hampton Court--sense of rivalry yet together they make complete body
207     Barber shop, sense of dissolution, cut in swathes, but then collects identity.  Pretends to be with R though she has killed herself. 
209     Goes to St. Paul’s, which he does not respect as Louis
210     Rhythm stopped for one day, leaning over gate—companion self
211     nothingness, eclipse of sun, life as a dance of dust. 
212     But sun and color return--though to a world now wiout self
213     for a moment had seen house—this is the truth  .Meets “you” in the cloak room.
214     Doubts fixities; has lost shell which grows in youth—can’t separate self from others; try to tell story of life but all those figures of the unconscious: old brute, hairy man
215     body like temple (merging wi other’s sensations-- doves, Rhoda; forks, Nev) in freedom from desire, and identity. (Shock of wave which wakes him to see golden loop--back to beginning)
216     now merges with images of interludes (birds, tunnels among flowers, house.
217     return to awareness of reader, seeing him--walks into pillar box.  Sense of how disgusting life is. Pain inflicted by others.  But then again, gradual acceleration and unification. 
218     Praise of solitude (book drops to the floor). 
219     Reiterates need for a little language; bare things
220     waiter comes, end of meal.  Outside, is a kindling in sky--not yet dawn.  Eternal renewal, wave rises again.  Death is the enemy.